In response to the 2008 global financial crisis, the central banks of developed economies implemented large-scale quantitative easing (QE) policies, which injected large amounts of short-term liquidity into the financial market. These ambitious efforts avoided debt spirals and deflation, and effectively mitigated the financial crisis and averted recession. But there have been unanticipated consequences. QE was supposed to be a temporary "firefighting" measure, but has lasted for more than a decade in some developed economies and contributed to a new round of economic expansion in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. This article reviews the impact of QE on the financial market and the real economy over the past decade from the perspective of bank lending as well as consumer and corporate behavior. The study concludes that there has been a weakening of the marginal effect of large and long-term QE stimulus on the real economy, while the large volume of liquidity in the financial system has contributed to asset bubbles. Central banks are trying to maintain financial stability and reduce the risk of recession, making it difficult to exit quantitative easing.

Financing costs are of critical importance to the real economy. The smooth transmission of financing to enterprises is directly related to profitability and financing decisions. This paper makes detailed calculations on the cost of financing in China's real economy from the perspective of listed companies and social financing. It assesses the changes in financing costs across different industries and examines four key factors in the cost of financing. It also looks at possible changes in trends in financing costs.

The comparative prices of gold, oil and copper can be useful in predicting economic trends. By considering these several indicators together, to a certain extent, we can form a comprehensive assessment of the economic cycle. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between the gold-oil-copper comparative ratio and the economic cycle, and use this as the basis for making judgements on the economy

The root cause of risks in the real estate market is the sharp collision of a disorderly expansion of real estate assets and a long-term turning point in the market. Moreover, the vulnerability of the financial system magnifies these risks. There also is a serious spillover effect which impacts the financial market, upstream and downstream enterprises, as well as the financial system. Due to the characteristics of real estate financialization, the initial result is liquidity risk, and regulatory authorities have responded by guiding market expectations and encouraging credit backing. This has achieved certain positive results, but from a long-term perspective, it is inevitable that real estate will shift towards a new development model. This paper puts forward some suggestions on how finance can promote a transformation of the real estate sector.